Purpose: Intra-operative intertitial brachytherapy has been applied in the curative and palliative treatment of lung cancer. Implantation of radio-active sources offers an advantage over external irradiation because of the limited penetrability from source to prescription point, resulting in rapid dose fall-off and sparing of surrounding normal tissues. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate retrospectively the Antoine-Lacassagne cancer center experience in endobronchial brachytherapy by low dose rate (LDR) or high dose rate (HDR) and to design perspectives for the next decades. Evaluation was based on analysis of toxicities, response rates and survival.
Materials and methods: From october 1989 to june 1999, 31 consecutive patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were treated. Thirteen and 18 patients received LDR and HDR, respectively. The mean age was 65 years (range 44 to 79 years). Inclusion criteria were, for palliative treatment, incurable endobronchial cancer, and for curative treatment, residual tumor in the margins after resection, or endobronchial tumor could not be treated surgically. Exclusion criteria were sites of lesion unsuitable for placement of the brachytherapy catheter. Evaluation of complications and clinical response were based on endoscopic evaluation one month after the last session and at less one year after the end of treatment.
Results: Eighty-seven courses have been performed: 65 by LDR and 22 by HDR. Thirty-six courses have been performed in the palliative group, 51 courses in the curative group. Seven patients among 31 presented acute complications and 18/31 late complications. Complete global response rate was 14/30 evaluable patients (47%). Mean overall global survival was 23 months with a median follow-up of 3.5 years.
Conclusion: These results confirm the efficacy of endobronchial brachytherapy as well as palliative or curative treatment, but the improvement of results will essentially depend on our capacity to better define our indications and underlie the necessity to perform phase III international randomised trial.