Rapid determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges using microwave-assisted solvent extraction. Comparison with other extraction methods

J Chromatogr A. 2003 May 30;999(1-2):175-84. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00424-2.

Abstract

The presence of toxic organic micropollutants in municipal sewage sludges is a major problem on account of risks associated with the agricultural use of the sludges and therefore maximum tolerance limits are imposed. The aim of our study was to develop a reliable and fast analytical procedure for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage sludges, using focused microwave-assisted extraction. Optimization of the extraction conditions was performed on real matrices. The results of a 2(3) factorial design showed that extraction time was the only influential factor. The selected conditions (30 W, 10 min, 30 ml solvent) were used for real sludges and a certified marine sediment, leading to recoveries of between 56 and 75%. Results of an interlaboratory test confirmed these values. Finally, the technique was compared to traditional techniques (Soxhlet, sonication), and the more recent pressurized liquid extraction technique. Focused microwave-assisted extraction remains an attractive alternative technique due to its rapidity, the low solvent volume required and its moderate investment cost.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
  • Microwaves*
  • Polycyclic Compounds / analysis*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sewage / chemistry*
  • Solvents / chemistry*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence / methods

Substances

  • Polycyclic Compounds
  • Sewage
  • Solvents