Abstract
Interactions between co-stimulatory ligands and their receptors are crucial for the activation of T cells, the prevention of tolerance and the development of T-cell immunity. It is now evident that members of the immunoglobulin-like CD28-B7 co-stimulatory family cannot fully account for an effective long-lasting T-cell response or the generation of memory T cells. Several members of the tumour-necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily--OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, CD30 and HVEM (herpes-virus entry mediator)--are poised to deliver co-stimulatory signals both early and late after encounter with antigen. The roles of these molecules in initiating and sustaining the T-cell response and in promoting long-lived immunity are discussed.
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Antigens, CD
-
Antigens, Differentiation / immunology
-
Humans
-
Ki-1 Antigen / immunology
-
Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
-
Mice
-
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / immunology
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / immunology*
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
-
Receptors, Virus / immunology
-
Signal Transduction / immunology
-
T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7 / immunology
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9
Substances
-
Antigens, CD
-
Antigens, Differentiation
-
Ki-1 Antigen
-
OX40Ig
-
Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
-
Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Member 14
-
Receptors, Virus
-
TNFRSF14 protein, human
-
TNFRSF9 protein, human
-
Tnfrsf14 protein, mouse
-
Tnfrsf9 protein, mouse
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7
-
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9