Thrombosis is the causal mechanism of myocardial infarction: severe atherosclerotic narrowing, ulceration of the atherosclerotic plaque and disequilibrium between pro and antithrombotic factors, predispose to this complication. Recurrent myocardial infarction is a common complication in the year following an initial event: the risk is higher when the diseased artery has been recanalized in the acute phase. Reocclusion of the recanalized artery without signs of infarction is also a common occurrence. It was therefore logical to have striven over the years to prevent reinfarction and/or rethrombosis after reperfusion. Mechanical methods have not been crowned with resounding success and antithrombotic drugs are the only products associated with real benefits in this prevention. In this article, the authors review the efficacy of aspirin and vitamin K antagonists in the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction; the data in favour of an efficacy of aspirin in preventing early reinfarction is also analysed; finally, results suggesting a benefit of platelet antiaggregant therapy (Flurbiprofen or aspirin) on the risk of reocclusion after therapeutic recanalisation are also assessed.