In 12 hemodialysis (HD) patients with persistently raised serum alanine amino-transferase concentrations, 6 of which with anti-HCV antibodies, a liver biopsy was performed. The histological examination showed chronic persistent hepatitis or less significant changes in 11 patients and mild chronic active hepatitis in only 1. Non-A, non-B hepatitis seems to demonstrate in HD patients a low tendency to induce an active and progressive liver disease.