One hundred ten women with normal initial hysteroscopy who failed to conceive during three or more IVF-ET cycles underwent repeat hysteroscopic evaluation. In 20 patients (18.2%), visualization revealed uterine abnormalities, mainly newly added endometrial lesions, i.e., hyperplasia, polyps, endometritis, and synechiae. Our results indicate that repeat hysteroscopic evaluation, in cases of recurrent IVF-ET failure, is an important adjunctive method for further evaluating and possibly optimizing the IVF-ET procedure.