Time-resolved double ionization with few cycle laser pulses

Phys Rev Lett. 2003 Aug 29;91(9):093002. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.093002. Epub 2003 Aug 29.

Abstract

Ionization of D2 launches a vibrational wave packet on the ground state of D+2. Removal of the second electron places a pair of D+ ions onto a Coulombic potential. Measuring the D+ kinetic energy determines the time delay between the first and the second ionization. Caught between a falling ionization and a rapidly rising intensity, the typical lifetime of the D+2 intermediate is less than 5 fs when an intense 8.6 fs laser pulse is used. We simulate Coulomb explosion imaging of the ground state wave function of D2 by a 4 fs optical pulse and compare with our experimental observations.