Citrate anticoagulation and adverse events

EDTNA ERCA J. 2003 Jul-Sep;29(3):112-3, 117. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2003.tb00289.x.

Abstract

Several patients with heparin intolerance were dialysed with tri-sodium citrate as anticoagulant without acute clinical problems (good tolerance). After some weeks however problems arose. In all patients an alkalosis developed: the pre dialysis bicarbonate level rose progressively from 27 mmol/l to 40 mmol/l. This could be tempered by lowering the dialysis fluid bicarbonate concentration from 37 mmol/l to 25 mmol/l. A second problem was a progressive rise in pre dialysis sodium level from a mean of 136 mmol/l to 150 mmol/l. Adapting the dialysis fluid sodium concentration from 140 mmol/l towards 132 mmol/l could solve this. The third problem was a progressive rise in serum aluminium level in patients from 3 microg/l to 38 microg/l. After excluding water, concentrate, dialysis fluid, drug intake, etc... as possible sources, we controlled the aluminium level in the glass bottle containing tri-sodium citrate. We noted the very high value of 35,300 microg/l. After replacing the glass bottles with polyvinylchloride bags with a negligible aluminium content, the serum aluminium levels returned back to normal. It is known that citrate chelates the aluminium present in the glass of bottles or vials.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Controlled Clinical Trial

MeSH terms

  • Alkalosis / blood
  • Alkalosis / chemically induced*
  • Aluminum / analysis
  • Aluminum / blood*
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects*
  • Bicarbonates / analysis
  • Bicarbonates / blood
  • Citrates / adverse effects*
  • Glass / chemistry
  • Hemodialysis Solutions / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Hypernatremia / blood
  • Hypernatremia / chemically induced*
  • Patient Selection
  • Polyvinyls / chemistry
  • Renal Dialysis / instrumentation
  • Renal Dialysis / methods*
  • Risk Factors
  • Sodium / analysis
  • Sodium Citrate
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Bicarbonates
  • Citrates
  • Hemodialysis Solutions
  • Polyvinyls
  • Sodium Citrate
  • Sodium
  • Aluminum