Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a critical role in ischemic injury and oxidative stress induces apoptosis and triggers inflammation in neural cells. The effect of ethanol on ischemic brain injury was examined. Ethanol attenuated ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain infarction and elevation of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, metalloproteinase-9, and neutrophil-associated myeloperoxidase activities. In cultured neurons, ethanol suppressed combined oxygen and glucose deprivation (COGD)/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, ethanol suppressed COGD/reoxygenation-induced activation of NF-kappaB, a free-radical-sensitive regulator, leading to the attenuation of TNF-alpha expression in glial cultures. We propose that scavenging of free radicals and attenuation of free-radical-induced alterations might account for ethanol's beneficial action against ischemic brain injury.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Apoptosis / drug effects
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Apoptosis / physiology
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Brain / drug effects*
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Brain / metabolism
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Brain / pathology
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Brain Infarction / drug therapy
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Brain Infarction / metabolism
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Brain Infarction / physiopathology
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Cells, Cultured
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Down-Regulation / drug effects
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Down-Regulation / physiology
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Encephalitis / drug therapy
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Encephalitis / metabolism
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Encephalitis / physiopathology
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Ethanol / pharmacology*
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Ethanol / therapeutic use
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Free Radical Scavengers / pharmacology
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Free Radical Scavengers / therapeutic use
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Free Radicals / antagonists & inhibitors
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Free Radicals / metabolism
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Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / drug therapy*
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Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / metabolism
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Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / pathology
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Inflammation Mediators / antagonists & inhibitors
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Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
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Male
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NF-kappa B / drug effects
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Neurons / drug effects*
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Neurons / metabolism
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Neurons / pathology
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Neuroprotective Agents / pharmacology
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Neuroprotective Agents / therapeutic use
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Oxidative Stress / drug effects
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Oxidative Stress / physiology
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Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Substances
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Free Radical Scavengers
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Free Radicals
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Inflammation Mediators
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NF-kappa B
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Neuroprotective Agents
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Ethanol