Abstract
Myoneurin belongs to the BTB/POZ and zinc finger protein family whose members have been implicated in regulatory functions of gene expression. Myoneurin has been identified in various tissues, but muscle is a privileged site of myoneurin gene transcription. We examined the neuromuscular expression of myoneurin during development and after axotomy. Myoneurin expression is developmentally regulated in mouse muscle and appeared to be associated with neuromuscular junctions during the late embryonic period. Myoneurin is located in and around synaptic myonuclei in mouse and human adult muscle. The expression of myoneurin is dysregulated after nerve section. Thus, the restricted myoneurin expression in synaptic myonuclei appeared to be controlled by muscle electrical activity. Myoneurin is identified within the peripheral condensed chromatin and the euchromatin/heterochromatin regions, and thus fulfills structural and expression criteria to represent a synaptic gene regulator.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Axotomy
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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Cell Nucleus / ultrastructure
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Chromatin / genetics
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Chromatin / metabolism
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Chromatin / ultrastructure
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Disease Models, Animal
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics
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Humans
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Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
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Mice
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Microscopy, Electron
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Muscle Denervation
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism
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Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / ultrastructure
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Muscle, Skeletal / innervation*
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Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
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Muscle, Skeletal / ultrastructure
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Neuromuscular Junction / embryology
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Neuromuscular Junction / metabolism*
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Neuromuscular Junction / ultrastructure
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Receptors, Nicotinic / metabolism
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Receptors, Nicotinic / ultrastructure
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Synaptic Membranes / metabolism
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Synaptic Membranes / ultrastructure
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Synaptic Transmission / genetics
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Transcription Factors / metabolism*
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Up-Regulation / genetics
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Zinc Fingers* / genetics
Substances
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Chromatin
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors
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MYNN protein, human
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Mynn protein, mouse
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Receptors, Nicotinic
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Transcription Factors