To investigate the change of Th1, Th2, Th3 cytokines during early liver transplantation. IFN-r, IL-4, TGF-beta production by CD4+ T cells were determined by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. Comparing the acute rejection with the non-acute rejection groups on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day showed that high interferon-gamma production associated with acute rejection in the early posttransplant period. There was no evidence of significant changes in interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) levels between non-acute rejection groups with acute rejection groups. Th1 cytokine high production is significantly associated with acute rejection in liver transplant recipients.