As a result of the caries prevalence of the Dutch population the character of the routine dental examination is changing. Caries screening remains relevant for high caries risk individuals but the interpretation of early caries lesions deserves more attention, especially the assessment of progression of caries lesions in time. Diagnosis of caries by dental practitioners in the Netherlands mainly consists of visual inspection in combination with bitewing radiography and both methods play an important role in the timing of bitewing radiographs and forthcoming recall visits for oral health examination. The content and frequency of the routine dental examination are discussed in relation to the individual risk prediction as relevant aspects of quality of dental care in the Netherlands.