Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is known to be a precursor of amyloid A (AA) protein in AA (secondary) amyloidosis and SAA1 to be mainly involved in AA amyloidosis. We established an SAA isoform real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay and found that beta-2 microglobulin is more stable as an internal control than GAPDH and beta-actin for our system. Either IL-6 and IL-1beta or IL-6 and TNFalpha, but not IL-1beta and TNFalpha, induced the synergistic induction of SAA1 and SAA2 genes. Anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody completely inhibited the synergistic induction of SAA1 and SAA2 during triple stimulation with IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha, but, IL-1 receptor antagonist or anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody was only partially inhibited in HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Although the SAA1 promoter has no STAT3 consensus sequence, the JAK2 inhibitor-AG490 reduced SAA1 gene expression to 30%, suggesting the involvement of STAT3. We were able to demonstrate that IL-6 plays a critical role in the synergistic induction of human SAA gene when stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Actins / metabolism
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Amyloid / chemistry
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry
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Antibodies, Monoclonal / metabolism
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Blotting, Western
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Cell Line
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cytokines / biosynthesis*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Humans
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Interleukin-1 / metabolism
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Interleukin-6 / metabolism
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Interleukin-6 / physiology*
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Protein Isoforms
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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STAT3 Transcription Factor
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Serum Amyloid A Protein / chemistry
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Serum Amyloid A Protein / genetics*
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Time Factors
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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Tyrphostins / pharmacology
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beta 2-Microglobulin / metabolism
Substances
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Actins
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Amyloid
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Cytokines
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Interleukin-1
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Interleukin-6
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Protein Isoforms
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RNA, Messenger
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STAT3 Transcription Factor
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STAT3 protein, human
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Serum Amyloid A Protein
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Trans-Activators
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Tyrphostins
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alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide
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beta 2-Microglobulin