The current classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) consists of several distinct subsets. We describe 6 children (2 boys, 4 girls, mean age 3.7 years, range 2.0-4.9 years) with arthritis and eye involvement associated with infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. In some of the children, the clinical picture was similar to early onset pauciarticular JRA: onset within the first 4 years of life, predominance of girls, pauciarticular arthritis, subacute uveitis, and presence of antinuclear antibodies. Joint involvement was pauciarticular in 4 patients and polyarticular in 2. Two patients had clinical symptoms of Reiter's disease. Further investigations of this post chlamydial associated syndrome should be performed to establish appropriate diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic measures.