Using saccade tasks as a tool to analyze executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia

Acta Psychol (Amst). 2004 Feb-Mar;115(2-3):255-69. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2003.12.009.

Abstract

Executive dysfunctions can be frequently observed in schizophrenia. They are more persistent than psychotic symptoms and are assumed to contribute to a variety of clinical signs of the disease. However, the cognitive mechanisms underlying dysexecutive behaviors are not yet understood. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how saccade tasks can be used to analyze the mechanisms involved in the dysexecutive syndrome of schizophrenic patients. There are numerous reports showing that schizophrenic patients make many unwanted reflexive saccades in the antisaccade task. These errors are usually explained by an impairment of a distinct inhibitory mechanism. However, unwanted reflexive saccades may also be secondary to a more fundamental deficit in activating goal-directed behavior. Recent theoretical and empirical approaches to this issue are reviewed and discussed. An integrative view of deficits in inhibition, goal-directed behavior, and working memory in schizophrenic patients is proposed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Fixation, Ocular
  • Humans
  • Inhibition, Psychological
  • Memory, Short-Term
  • Neurologic Examination*
  • Ocular Motility Disorders / physiopathology
  • Psychomotor Performance*
  • Saccades*
  • Schizophrenia / physiopathology*
  • Schizophrenic Psychology*
  • Volition