3-(4-Aroyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamides as a new class of synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitors. 3. Discovery of novel lead compounds through structure-based drug design and docking studies

J Med Chem. 2004 Mar 11;47(6):1351-9. doi: 10.1021/jm031036f.

Abstract

Aroyl-pyrrole-hydroxy-amides (APHAs) are a new class of synthetic HDAC inhibitors recently described by us. Through three different docking procedures we designed, synthesized, and tested two new isomers of APHA lead compound 3-(4-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide (1), compounds 3 and 4, characterized by different insertions of benzoyl and propenoylhydroxamate groups onto the pyrrole ring. Biological activities of 3 and 4 were predicted by computational tools up to 617-fold more potent than that of 1 against HDAC1; thus, 3 and 4 were synthesized and tested against both mouse HDAC1 and maize HD2 enzymes. Predictions of biological affinities (K(i) values) of 3 and 4, performed by a VALIDATE model (applied on either SAD or automatic DOCK or Autodock results) and by the Autodock internal scoring function, were in good agreement with experimental activities. Ligand/receptor positive interactions made by 3 and 4 into the catalytic pocket, in addition to those showed by 1, could at least in part account for their higher HDAC1 inhibitory activities. In particular, in mouse HDAC1 inhibitory assay 3 and 4 were 19- and 6-times more potent than 1, respectively, and 3 and 4 antimaize HD2 activities were 16- and 76-times higher than that of 1, 4 being as potent as SAHA in this assay. Compound 4, tested as antiproliferative and cytodifferentiating agent on MEL cells, showed dose-dependent growth inhibition and hemoglobin accumulation effects.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amides / chemical synthesis*
  • Amides / chemistry
  • Amides / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Catalytic Domain
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Division / drug effects
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Drug Design
  • Hemoglobins / metabolism
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors*
  • Histone Deacetylases / chemistry
  • Mice
  • Models, Molecular
  • Propionates / chemical synthesis*
  • Propionates / chemistry
  • Propionates / pharmacology
  • Protein Binding
  • Pyrroles / chemical synthesis*
  • Pyrroles / chemistry
  • Pyrroles / pharmacology
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Zea mays

Substances

  • Amides
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Hemoglobins
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
  • Propionates
  • Pyrroles
  • Histone Deacetylases