Effect of porcine parvovirus vaccination on the development of PMWS in segregated early weaned pigs coinfected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine parvovirus

Vet Microbiol. 2004 Mar 5;98(3-4):209-20. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.11.006.

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine if coinfection of segregated early weaned (SEW) pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) induces an increase in the incidence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) compared to singular PCV2 infection, and to determine if vaccination against PPV protects pigs against PMWS associated with PCV2/PPV coinfection in SEW pigs. Seventy, 3-week-old, SEW pigs were randomly assigned to one of the five groups. Pigs in group 1 (n = 14) served as the negative controls, group 2 pigs (n = 14) were inoculated with PCV2, group 3 pigs (n = 12) were inoculated with PPV, groups 4 (n = 16) and 5 (n = 14) pigs were inoculated with both PCV2 and PPV. Pigs in groups 1-3 and 5 were vaccinated with two doses of a killed parvovirus-leptospira-erysipelothrix (PLE) vaccine prior to inoculation. The PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs (groups 4 and 5) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher and more persistent fevers than the singular PCV2-infected pigs. One pig in each of the coinfected groups developed clinical disease (fever, respiratory disease, jaundice, weight loss) consistent with PMWS. Lymphoid depletion was significantly (P < 0.05) more severe in the dually-infected pigs at 42 days post-inoculation (DPI). Vaccinated, coinfected pigs (group 5) remained viremic significantly (P < 0.05) longer and had higher copy numbers of genomic PCV2 DNA in sera at 28, 35, and 42 DPI compared to the unvaccinated coinfected pigs (group 4). PPV-viremia was detected only in the unvaccinated group 4 pigs. PLE-vaccination prevented PPV-viremia but did not prevent clinical PMWS or reduce the severity of lymphoid depletion in PCV2/PPV-coinfected pigs. Evidence of increased incidence of clinical PMWS due to vaccination was not observed in this model.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Circoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Circoviridae Infections / veterinary*
  • Circoviridae Infections / virology
  • Circovirus / genetics
  • Circovirus / growth & development*
  • DNA, Viral / chemistry
  • DNA, Viral / genetics
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / veterinary
  • Immunohistochemistry / veterinary
  • Lymphoid Tissue / pathology
  • Lymphoid Tissue / virology
  • Parvoviridae Infections / immunology
  • Parvoviridae Infections / veterinary*
  • Parvoviridae Infections / virology
  • Parvovirus, Porcine / immunology*
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / veterinary
  • Random Allocation
  • Swine
  • Swine Diseases / immunology
  • Swine Diseases / virology*
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Viral Vaccines / immunology
  • Viral Vaccines / standards
  • Viral Vaccines / therapeutic use*
  • Wasting Syndrome / immunology
  • Wasting Syndrome / prevention & control
  • Wasting Syndrome / veterinary*
  • Wasting Syndrome / virology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • DNA, Viral
  • Viral Vaccines