Optimization of enzymatic production of biodiesel from castor oil in organic solvent medium

Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2004 Spring:113-116:771-80. doi: 10.1385/abab:115:1-3:0771.

Abstract

We studied the production of fatty acid ethyl esters from castor oil using n-hexane as solvent and two commercial lipases, Novozym 435 and Lipozyme IM, as catalysts. For this purpose, a Taguchi experimental design was adopted considering the following variables: temperature (35-65 degrees C), water (0-10 wt/wt%), and enzyme (5-20 wt/wt%) concentrations and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio (1:3 to 1:10). An empirical model was then built so as to assess the main and cross-variable effects on the reaction conversion and also to maximize biodiesel production for each enzyme. For the system containing Novozym 435 as catalyst the maximum conversion obtained was 81.4% at 65 degrees C, enzyme concentration of 20 wt/wt%, water concentration of 0 wt/wt%, and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:10. When the catalyst was Lipozyme IM, a conversion as high as 98% was obtained at 65 degrees C, enzyme concentration of 20 wt/wt%, water concentration of 0 wt/wt%, and oil-to-ethanol molar ratio of 1:3.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alcohols / chemistry
  • Biotechnology / methods*
  • Castor Oil / chemistry*
  • Catalysis
  • Chemistry, Organic / methods*
  • Esters / chemistry
  • Ethanol
  • Kinetics
  • Lipase / chemistry
  • Models, Statistical
  • Plant Oils
  • Solvents
  • Temperature
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Alcohols
  • Esters
  • Plant Oils
  • Solvents
  • Ethanol
  • Castor Oil
  • Lipase