Purpose: Mandibular retrognathia is a dentofacial deformity that can be surgically corrected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of orthognathic surgery on masticatory function in a sample of retrognathic patients and to compare these findings with those of controls.
Patients and methods: Eleven retrognathic patients were tested before and 1 to 1.5 years after mandibular advancement surgery and compared with 12 controls. The median particle size after chewing a silicon rubber test food, the maximum bite force, and the electromyographic activity (EMG) of the anterior temporalis and the masseter muscles during isometric clenching and during chewing were determined. Patients, before and after treatment, and controls were statistically compared by analysis of variance.
Results: Surgical correction of mandibular retrognathia did not change chewing efficiency, maximum bite force, EMG during maximal clenching, EMG during chewing, or the EMG/bite-force relationship. Compared with controls, the chewing efficiency, maximum bite force, EMG during maximal clenching, and EMG during chewing values were lower. No difference for the EMG/bite-force ratio at maximal clenching was found, indicating similar muscle efficiency for patients and controls. However, in the range of 10% to 40% of the maximum bite force, the slope of the EMG/bite-force regression line was steeper for the patients than for the controls, indicating decreased muscle efficiency for patients.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that in retrognathic patients, function of the masticatory system is impaired. Oral function was not influenced by mandibular advancement surgery.