Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Jun;70(6):3776-80. doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004.

Abstract

Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • DNA, Protozoan / analysis
  • Genetic Variation
  • Genotype
  • Giardia / classification*
  • Giardia / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sewage / microbiology*
  • Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / genetics
  • Waste Disposal, Fluid*
  • Water Microbiology*
  • Wisconsin

Substances

  • DNA, Protozoan
  • Sewage
  • Triose-Phosphate Isomerase

Associated data

  • GENBANK/AY368157
  • GENBANK/AY368158
  • GENBANK/AY368159
  • GENBANK/AY368160
  • GENBANK/AY368161
  • GENBANK/AY368162
  • GENBANK/AY368163
  • GENBANK/AY368164
  • GENBANK/AY368165
  • GENBANK/AY368166
  • GENBANK/AY368167
  • GENBANK/AY368168
  • GENBANK/AY368169
  • GENBANK/AY368170
  • GENBANK/AY368171