Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 evades T-helper responses by exploiting antibodies that suppress antigen processing

J Virol. 2004 Jul;78(14):7645-52. doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7645-7652.2004.

Abstract

T-helper responses are important for controlling chronic viral infections, yet T-helper responses specific to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), particularly to envelope glycoproteins, are lacking in the vast majority of HIV-infected individuals. It was previously shown that the presence of antibodies to the CD4-binding domain (CD4bd) of HIV-1 glycoprotein 120 (gp120) prevents T-helper responses to gp120, but their suppressive mechanisms were undefined (C. E. Hioe et al., J. Virol. 75:10950-10957, 2001). The present study demonstrates that gp120, when complexed to anti-CD4bd antibodies, becomes more resistant to proteolysis by lysosomal enzymes from antigen-presenting cells such that peptide epitopes are not released and presented efficiently by major histocompatibility complex class II molecules to gp120-specific CD4 T cells. Antibodies to other gp120 regions do not confer this effect. Thus, HIV may evade anti-viral T-helper responses by inducing and exploiting antibodies that conceal the virus envelope antigens from T cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology*
  • Antigen Presentation / immunology*
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / metabolism
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Cell Line
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / immunology*
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism
  • HIV-1 / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Lysosomes / enzymology
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • CD4 Antigens
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120