Visualization of lymphatic vessels through NF-kappaB activity

Blood. 2004 Nov 15;104(10):3228-30. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-04-1428. Epub 2004 Jul 22.

Abstract

The molecular biology of lymphatics is only rudimentary owing to the long-standing absence of specific markers, and scanty is the information regarding bladder lymphatic vessels. By using mice with a reporter gene for nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity (kappaB-lacZ) in combination with immunohistochemical staining with a specific lymphatic marker (LYVE-1), we show, for the first time, that NF-kappaB is constitutively active in lymphatic endothelium in the urinary bladder, uterus, intestine, heart, and airways. Tie2-lacZ mice confirmed that the structures observed in kappaB-lacZ mice were not blood vessels. In addition, acute instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) into the kappaB-lacZ mouse bladder revealed the capacity of this transgenic in reporting inducible NF-kappaB activity. Our findings demonstrate an overriding constitutive NF-kappaB activity in the lymphatic system. They also provide a working model for detecting lymphatic vessels and evoke testable hypotheses regarding the role of lymphatic vessels in health and disease.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Gene Expression
  • Lac Operon*
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Lymphatic Vessels / physiology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • NF-kappa B / genetics*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
  • Urinary Bladder / physiology

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha