Abstract
Signals generated by cryptochrome (CRY) blue-light photoreceptors are responsible for a variety of developmental and circadian responses in plants. The CRYs are also identified as circadian blue-light photoreceptors in Drosophila and components of the mammalian circadian clock. These flavoproteins all have an N-terminal domain that is similar to photolyase, and most have an additional C-terminal domain of variable length. We present here the crystal structure of the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure reveals a fold that is very similar to photolyase, with a single molecule of FAD noncovalently bound to the protein. The surface features of the protein and the dissimilarity of a surface cavity to that of photolyase account for its lack of DNA-repair activity. Previous in vitro experiments established that the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 can bind Mg.ATP, and we observe a single molecule of an ATP analog bound in the aforementioned surface cavity, near the bound FAD cofactor. The structure has implications for the signaling mechanism of CRY blue-light photoreceptors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
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Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / metabolism
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Arabidopsis / chemistry
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Arabidopsis / genetics
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Arabidopsis / metabolism
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Arabidopsis Proteins / chemistry*
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Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
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Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
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Binding Sites
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Cryptochromes
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Crystallography, X-Ray
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Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / chemistry
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Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / genetics
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Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / metabolism
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Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / metabolism
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Flavoproteins / chemistry*
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Flavoproteins / genetics
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Flavoproteins / metabolism
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Models, Molecular
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Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / chemistry
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Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / genetics
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Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / metabolism
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
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Recombinant Proteins / genetics
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Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
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Signal Transduction
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Static Electricity
Substances
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Arabidopsis Proteins
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CRY1 protein, Arabidopsis
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Cryptochromes
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Flavoproteins
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Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins
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Recombinant Proteins
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Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide
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Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate
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Adenosine Triphosphate
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Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase