Protein surface-assisted enhancement in the binding affinity of an inhibitor for recombinant human carbonic anhydrase-II

J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Sep 8;126(35):10875-83. doi: 10.1021/ja047557p.

Abstract

We elaborate on a novel strategy for enhancing the binding affinity of an active-site directed inhibitor by attaching a tether group, designed to interact with the surface-exposed histidine residue(s) of enzymes. In this approach, we have utilized the recombinant form of human carbonic anhydrase-II (hCA-II) as the enzyme source and benzenesulfonamide and its derivatives as inhibitors. The steady-state kinetic and the ligand binding data revealed that the attachment of iminodiacetate (IDA)-Cu(2+) to benzenesulfonamide (via a triethylene glycol spacer) enhanced its binding affinity for hCA-II by about 40-fold. No energetic contribution of either IDA or triethylene glycol spacer was found (at least in the ground state of the enzyme-inhibitor complex) when Cu(2+) was stripped off from the tether group-conjugated sulfonamide derivative. Arguments are presented that the overall strategy of enhancing the binding affinities of known inhibitors by attaching the IDA-Cu(2+) groups to interact with the surface-exposed histidine residues will find a general application in designing the isozyme-specific inhibitors as potential drugs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Benzenesulfonamides
  • Binding Sites
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II / chemistry*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II / metabolism
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / chemistry*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / metabolism*
  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Humans
  • Imino Acids / chemistry
  • Imino Acids / metabolism
  • Imino Acids / pharmacology
  • Kinetics
  • Models, Molecular
  • Recombinant Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Recombinant Proteins / chemistry
  • Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Sulfonamides / chemistry
  • Sulfonamides / metabolism
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacology
  • Surface Properties

Substances

  • Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
  • Imino Acids
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Sulfonamides
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II
  • iminodiacetic acid