Analysis of markers mtDNA in a population of Nogays (n = 206), living on Nothern Caucasus and speaking on language of Turkic branch of the Altaic linguistic family, has shown, that the level of their genetic differentiation is high (H = 0.99). Among the found haplotypes there is all the basic Western Eurasian haplogroups, most often of which are clusters H (22%) and U (21%), however, the percentage of the lineages specific only for populations of East Eurasia (40%) is highest. In a population of Nogays there are also variants mtDNA, belonging to haplogroup M1, characteristic for North East Africa, and gaplogroup U2, typical for populations of India. This testifies about presence in a gene pool of Nogays people of components of a various parentage.