Abstract
We have directly observed reversal of the polarity of charged surfaces in water upon the addition of trivalent and quadrivalent ions using atomic force microscopy. The bulk concentration of multivalent ions at which charge inversion reversibly occurs depends only very weakly on the chemical composition, surface structure, size, and lipophilicity of the ions, but is very sensitive to their valence. These results support the theoretical proposal that spatial correlations between ions are the driving mechanism behind charge inversion.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Cobalt / chemistry
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Cyanides / chemistry
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Ferricyanides / chemistry
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Ferrous Compounds / chemistry
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Ions / chemistry
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Iron Compounds / chemistry
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Lanthanoid Series Elements / chemistry
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Metals / chemistry*
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Microscopy, Atomic Force
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Organometallic Compounds / chemistry
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Polylysine / chemistry*
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Silicon Dioxide / chemistry*
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Static Electricity
Substances
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Cyanides
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Ferricyanides
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Ferrous Compounds
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Ions
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Iron Compounds
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Lanthanoid Series Elements
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Metals
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Organometallic Compounds
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hexacyanoferrate III
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Polylysine
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Cobalt
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Silicon Dioxide