Cytokines, which play important roles in allograft rejection, show variable production among individuals. These variations may be related to genetic polymorphisms within the regulatory regions of the cytokine genes. We investigated the association between the role tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms and early graft rejection among liver transplant recipients. Forty-three liver transplant recipients enrolled in this study were divided into 2 groups based on events in the first 2 months posttransplantations, namely, those experiencing at least 1 rejection episode (n = 26) or those without any episode (n = 17). The allele or genotype frequencies of cytokine gene polymorphisms showed no difference between liver recipients with or without nonrejection. In conclusion, there was no significant correlation between early graft rejection and cytokine gene polymorphism of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-10, IL-6, and IFN-gamma in liver transplant recipients.