The objective of this study is to review the available literature on elbow orthoses in patients with various diagnoses to assess the scientific base of the prescription of elbow orthoses. A search of literature in Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Recal was performed using the keyword "elbow" combined with "orthosis related keywords". Abstracts were read to select the papers dealing primarily with monoarticular elbow orthoses. References of the selected papers were also examined. A total of 57 papers were read of which 18 met the selection criteria. Both the quality and quantity of the studies appeared to be low, so in this study no definitive conctusions can be drawn about the efficacy of monoarticular elbow orthoses. Current prescriptions of elbow orthoses cannot be evidence based, because no scientific evidence on elbow orthoses is available.