Regulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte maturation by prostaglandins has been a topic of interest during recent years. Particular focus on this area derives from the realization that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could impact these cartilage-related processes which are important in skeletal development and are recapitulated during bone healing either post-trauma or post-surgery. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature focused on prostaglandin synthesis and signaling through the G-protein coupled EP receptors, we present novel findings that establish the expression profile of EP receptors in chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes. Further, we begin to examine the signaling that may be involved with the transduction of PGE2 effects in these cells. Our findings suggest that EP2 and EP4 receptor activation of cAMP metabolism may represent a central axis of events that facilitate the impact of PGE2 on the processes of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to chondrogenesis and ultimate chondrocyte maturation.