A chart review of 64 infants with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy showed that resuscitation was required for 61 (95%), respiratory support for 53 (83%) and anticonvulsants for 58 (91%). Death occurred in 2 (4%) infants with moderate encephalopathy and 12 (86%) with severe encephalopathy. In addition, subsequent neurodevelopment was abnormal in approximately a quarter of infants who survived after a moderate to severe encephalopathy.