Purpose: To identify and describe the relevant issues and difficulties associated with provision of antiretroviral therapy in correctional facilities.
Method: We performed a review and analysis of currently available literature and experiences on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the prison setting.
Results: Antiretroviral therapy is administered to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected prison inmates in many countries. Numerous issues have been identified and discussed; among the most relevant are availability of basic and specific HIV care, prisons as entry point for HIV care for marginalized populations, policy and guidelines for ART, specialized HIV care in prison, modality of administration of ART, adherence to ART, and continuity of care between prison and community.
Conclusion: Antiretroviral treatment is a feasible intervention in the context of correctional facilities. To ensure full benefit of ART for those prisoners in need, in each country there should be plans for ART provision in correctional facilities and the necessary arrangements should be made to ensure ART administration and optimal adherence to it.