Abstract
Seven protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides and their aglycones including PPT, PT, -Re, -Rg (1), -F (1), -Rh (1), 20(R)-Rh (1) which are closely related in structure were studied for their effects on type 1 and type 2 cytokines production from murine splenocytes and their related mechanisms were examined. The results indicate that PPT, PT and ginsenoside-Re show hardly any or weak effects on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. Ginsenoside-Rh (1) and 20(R)-Rh (1) induce a Con A-induced type 1 cytokine pattern by increasing the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), the expression of IFN-gamma, T-bet and enhancing NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. In contrast ginsenosides-Rg (1) and -F (1) cause a Con A-induced type 2 cytokines response by increasing the expression of IL-4, GATA-3 and enhancing NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Thus, these protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides have different immunomodulatory effects, which might explain the complex immunomodulatory effect of Panax ginseng.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Cytokines / drug effects*
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Cytokines / genetics
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Cytokines / metabolism
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DNA Primers
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DNA-Binding Proteins / drug effects
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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GATA3 Transcription Factor
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Ginsenosides / administration & dosage
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Ginsenosides / pharmacology
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Ginsenosides / therapeutic use
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Interferon-gamma / drug effects
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Interferon-gamma / metabolism
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Interleukin-12 / metabolism
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Interleukin-4 / metabolism
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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NF-kappa B / drug effects
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NF-kappa B / metabolism
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Panax*
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Phytotherapy*
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RNA, Messenger / analysis
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Sapogenins / administration & dosage
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Sapogenins / pharmacology*
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Sapogenins / therapeutic use
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Spleen / cytology
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T-Box Domain Proteins
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T-bet Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators / drug effects
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Transcription Factors / drug effects
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Triterpenes / administration & dosage
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Triterpenes / pharmacology*
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Triterpenes / therapeutic use
Substances
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Cytokines
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DNA Primers
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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GATA3 Transcription Factor
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Gata3 protein, mouse
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Ginsenosides
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NF-kappa B
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RNA, Messenger
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Sapogenins
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T-Box Domain Proteins
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T-bet Transcription Factor
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Trans-Activators
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Transcription Factors
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Triterpenes
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Interleukin-12
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Interleukin-4
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protopanaxatriol
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Interferon-gamma