Abstract
SC-236 [4-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-pyrazol-1-l] benzenesulfonamide; C16H11ClF3N3O2S] is a highly selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-inflammatory effect of SC-236 is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether and how SC-236 modulates the inflammatory reaction in a stimulated human mast cell (HMC) line, HMC-1. SC-236 inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, COX-2, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated HMC-1. SC-236 suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation induced by PMACI, leading to suppression of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation. SC-236 also suppressed strong induction of NF-kappaB promoter-mediated luciferase activity. In addition, SC-236 suppressed PMACI-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, the extracellular-regulated kinase p44, and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and induced expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. These results provide new insight into the pharmacological actions of SC-236 as a potential molecule for therapy of mast cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacology*
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Blotting, Western
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Calcimycin / pharmacology
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Cell Line
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Cytokines / biosynthesis
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Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects
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Genes, Reporter
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Ionophores / pharmacology
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Luciferases / genetics
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Mast Cells / drug effects
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Mast Cells / enzymology*
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Membrane Proteins
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Microscopy, Confocal
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NF-kappa B / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism*
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Protein Phosphatase 1
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / metabolism
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Pyrazoles / pharmacology*
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RNA / biosynthesis
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Stimulation, Chemical
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Sulfonamides / pharmacology*
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / pharmacology
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Tetrazolium Salts
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Thiazoles
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
Substances
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4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
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Cytokines
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Ionophores
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Membrane Proteins
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NF-kappa B
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Pyrazoles
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Sulfonamides
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Tetrazolium Salts
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Thiazoles
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Calcimycin
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RNA
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Luciferases
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Protein Phosphatase 1
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DUSP1 protein, human
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Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
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thiazolyl blue
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate