Determination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor trimerization in living cells by CFP->YFP->mRFP FRET detected by flow cytometry

Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Apr 1;33(6):e61. doi: 10.1093/nar/gni057.

Abstract

The availability of protein fluorophores with appropriate spectral properties has made it possible to employ fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to assess interactions between three proteins microscopically. Flow cytometry offers excellent sensitivity, effective signal separation and the capacity to assess a large number of events, and, therefore, should be an ideal means to explore protein interactions in living cells. Here, we report a flow-cytometric FRET technique that employed both direct energy transfer from CFP-->YFP-->mRFP and donor quenching to assess TRAF2 trimerization in living cells. Initially, a series of fusion proteins incorporating CFP, YFP and mRFP with spacers that did or did not permit FRET were employed to document the magnitude of CFP-->YFP and YFP-->mRFP FRET and to calculate the efficiency of CFP-->YFP-->mRFP two-step FRET. Based upon this, TRAF2 homotrimerization could be detected. This method should have great utility in studying the dynamics of interactions between three specific proteins in vivo.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Bacterial Proteins / analysis
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Line
  • Flow Cytometry*
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer / methods*
  • Fluorescent Dyes / analysis*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / analysis
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Humans
  • Luminescent Proteins / analysis*
  • Luminescent Proteins / genetics
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / analysis
  • Red Fluorescent Protein
  • TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / analysis*
  • TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / genetics
  • TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / metabolism

Substances

  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Cyan Fluorescent Protein
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Luminescent Proteins
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
  • yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins