The data provided in the medical literature suggest that alpha-IFN is a useful agent in the management of myelomatosis. In particular, its combination with conventional induction therapies of previously untreated MM patients may improve the overall response rate and probably increase the number of complete responders. On the other hand, even though alpha-IFN alone, in some patients with previously untreated MM, may induce good objective responses, it certainly remains less effective than conventional chemotherapy. Moreover, in a small proportion of advanced MM patients, alpha-IFN alone has induced objective responses. It is therefore possible that alpha-IFN should be combined with other therapeutic modalities to improve the observed response rate in these patients. Finally, alpha-IFN maintenance treatment seems to be one of the most promising therapies for patients with myelomatosis. However, the achievement of a "true" plateau phase after the induction treatment is certainly necessary to permit alpha-IFN maintenance treatment to prolong the response duration. As for the prolongation of survival duration observed in the Italian study, it requires confirmation by the other ongoing randomized studies. In the future, a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of alpha-IFN, as well as the increasing use of other biologic response modifiers, will improve the therapeutic modalities utilized to treat myelomatosis and therefore lead to better control of this so-far-incurable disease.