Metabolic, opportunistic, and other infectious complications of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy continue to be major areas of active investigation. This year's Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections included many important presentations on the clinical aspects of HIV complications. In each successive year, the studies reported in the area of complications have matured and now include more randomized trials evaluating interventions for the management of HIV complications and more well-designed observational studies with long-term follow-up. This article will review new data presented on metabolic complications, including cardiovascular risk, lipid disorders and lipoatrophy, renal complications, hepatic complications (hepatitis B and C virus infections), tuberculosis, and other bacterial infections.