Promotion of importin alpha-mediated nuclear import by the phosphorylation-dependent binding of cargo protein to 14-3-3

J Cell Biol. 2005 May 9;169(3):415-24. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200411169.

Abstract

14-3-3 proteins are phosphoserine/threonine-binding proteins that play important roles in many regulatory processes, including intracellular protein targeting. 14-3-3 proteins can anchor target proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus or can mediate their nuclear export. So far, no role for 14-3-3 in mediating nuclear import has been described. There is also mounting evidence that nuclear import is regulated by the phosphorylation of cargo proteins, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Myopodin is a dual-compartment, actin-bundling protein that functions as a tumor suppressor in human bladder cancer. In muscle cells, myopodin redistributes between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a differentiation-dependent and stress-induced fashion. We show that importin alpha binding and the subsequent nuclear import of myopodin are regulated by the serine/threonine phosphorylation-dependent binding of myopodin to 14-3-3. These results establish a novel paradigm for the promotion of nuclear import by 14-3-3 binding. They provide a molecular explanation for the phosphorylation-dependent nuclear import of nuclear localization signal-containing cargo proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • 14-3-3 Proteins / metabolism*
  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / physiology
  • Amino Acid Substitution / physiology
  • Animals
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Microfilament Proteins / metabolism*
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutation / physiology
  • Myoblasts / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Binding / physiology
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary / physiology
  • Protein Transport / physiology
  • alpha Karyopherins / metabolism*

Substances

  • 14-3-3 Proteins
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • SYNPO2 protein, human
  • Synpo2 protein, mouse
  • alpha Karyopherins