CD3 x CD28 cross-interacting bispecific antibodies improve tumor cell dependent T-cell activation

Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2005 Nov;54(11):1059-71. doi: 10.1007/s00262-005-0671-8. Epub 2005 May 13.

Abstract

Bispecific antibodies (Bs-Abs) containing an anti-CD3 and an anti-TAA specificity can recruit T cells to the tumor for cancer immunotherapy. To be effective, efficient activation at the tumor site is a prerequisite. This can be achieved by triggering both the T-cell receptor and the co-stimulatory molecule CD28. We engineered two recombinant cross-interacting Bs-Abs (CriBs-Abs) by incorporating a peptide tag and its cognate single-chain variable fragment (scFv), respectively, into a pair of (tumor x CD3) and (tumor x CD28) binding Bs-Abs. A 30-fold lower concentration of the activating CriBs-Ab as compared to non interacting Bs-Ab was sufficient for strong T-cell activation in the presence of tumor cells. One thousand-fold higher concentrations of both CriBs-Abs were required for marginal T-cell activation (70-fold below maximal response) in the absence of tumor cells. An optimized stoichiometry (1 : 1000) of activating versus co-stimulating CriBs-Ab thus allowed low doses of activating CriBs-Ab to induce tumor-cell dependent T-cell activation when used in combination with high concentrations of the pre-targeted co-stimulating CriBs-Ab in vitro. This indicates a large window of operation in which only tumor cell dependent T-cell activation is induced and systemic tumor cell independent T-cell activation is avoided, while ensuring optimal activation with a low concentration of the activating CriBs-Ab, which has the highest potential to induce toxic effects in vivo.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Bispecific / immunology
  • Antibodies, Bispecific / therapeutic use*
  • CD28 Antigens / immunology*
  • CD3 Complex / immunology*
  • Cell Line
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphocyte Activation*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Neoplasms / immunology
  • Neoplasms / therapy*
  • T-Lymphocytes / immunology*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Bispecific
  • CD28 Antigens
  • CD3 Complex