In this prospective study, HIV-risk infants (infants born to women with a history of intravenous drug use, prostitution, or who is a sexual partner of an intravenous drug user) were followed during home visits by a pediatric nurse practitioner. Analysis of home visit records indicated that significant medical problems were detected in one out of every 12 visits, requiring referral of the infant for immediate medical attention. The most frequent problems/maternal concerns encountered during the home visits were infectious disease symptoms and skin conditions. The type of problems/maternal concerns did not differ by infant HIV status. With an increase in incidence of HIV infection in children, outreach by specialized nurses including PNPs is necessary to provide the intensive medical services required by these children.