Natural evolution of a human virus-specific antibody gene repertoire by somatic hypermutation requires both hotspot-directed and randomly-directed processes

Hum Immunol. 2005 Jun;66(6):666-76. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2005.02.008.

Abstract

Somatic hypermutation of antibody genes is mediated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase and targets primarily hotspot motifs. We tested the hypothesis that the antibody variable genes of virus-specific B cells from infants exhibit a decreased frequency of somatic mutations compared with adults. We also sought to determine whether virus-specific B cells exhibit predominantly hotspot or randomly directed processes. We analyzed somatic mutations in rotavirus (RV)-specific B cells from otherwise healthy but recently RV-infected infants or adults in comparison with B cells from healthy volunteers not recently infected. We compared these antibody variable gene sequences with those derived from RV-specific B cells from an adult patient with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM). We found that the overall mutational frequency within the antibody variable region was lowest in RV-specific B cells from RV-infected infants, followed by randomly selected B cells, followed by RV-specific B cells from the patient with XHIM. RV-specific memory B cells from healthy adults exhibited the highest frequency of mutations. Approximately half of mutations in random or RV-specific B cells from adults or infants occurred at the DGYW/WRCH or WA/TW hotspot motifs. These findings suggest that virus-specific antibodies require both hotspot and randomly-directed processes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Amino Acid Motifs / genetics
  • Antibodies, Viral / genetics*
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • B-Lymphocytes / virology*
  • Base Pairing
  • Clone Cells
  • Evolution, Molecular*
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region / genetics
  • Infant
  • RNA, Messenger / isolation & purification
  • Rotavirus / immunology*
  • Rotavirus Infections / immunology
  • Rotavirus Infections / virology
  • Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
  • Immunoglobulin Variable Region
  • RNA, Messenger