Abstract
Breast cancer cell lines migrated towards a BMP-2 source depending on BMP-2 concentration. After a short exposure to BMP-2, the cells were able to migrate through matrigel. MCF-7 cells transfected with the BMP-2 gene also showed enhanced migratory properties and high expression of the metastasis-related gene BCSG1. In a xenograft model without estrogen supplementation MCF-7/BMP-2 cells formed tumors. These tumors were characterised by an enhanced vasculature and the formation of chondroid and osseous structures. In conclusion elevated levels of BMP-2 enhance the tumorigenic properties of breast carcinoma cells and drive the cells towards a more aggressive phenotype with estrogen independent growth.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / pharmacology
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Blotting, Western
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / genetics
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / metabolism
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / pharmacology*
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Breast Neoplasms / genetics
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cell Movement / drug effects*
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Chemotactic Factors / pharmacology
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / genetics
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / metabolism
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Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / pathology*
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Mice
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Mice, Nude
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NIH 3T3 Cells
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Tamoxifen / pharmacology*
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Time Factors
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / genetics
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism
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Transforming Growth Factor beta / pharmacology*
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
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BMP2 protein, human
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Bmp2 protein, mouse
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
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Chemotactic Factors
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RNA, Messenger
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Transforming Growth Factor beta
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Tamoxifen