We studied to evolution of nerve conduction during hemodialysis following 21 patients with chronic renal failure. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was significantly different at hemodialysis onset and 3 years later for both common peroneal nerve (44.5 and 41.0 m./sec.) and ulnar nerve (52.5 and 47.1 m./sec.). MCV decreased more in patients with low Kt/V (a depuration index) than in those with high Kt/V.