A review of the literature of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology of different forms of meningitis/meningoencephalomyelitis in dogs and cats is given. Eight dogs and three cats with signs of meningitis/meningoencephalitis are presented. Four dogs and one cat improved to normal for 1-3 years. The results of CSF cytology of cases whose etiology could not be determined are compared with those of thirteen dogs with distemper. In 8 of 13 sediments eosinophilic inclusions in monocytes and macrophages were found.