Molecular extensibility of mini-dystrophins and a dystrophin rod construct

J Mol Biol. 2005 Sep 30;352(4):795-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2005.07.064.

Abstract

Muscular dystrophies arise with various mutations in dystrophin, implicating this protein in force transmission in normal muscle. With 24 three-helix, spectrin repeats interspersed with proline-rich hinges, dystrophin's large size is an impediment to gene therapy, prompting the construction of mini-dystrophins. Results thus far in dystrophic mice suggest that at least one hinge between repeats is necessary though not sufficient for palliative effect. One such mini-dystrophin is studied here in forced extension at the single molecule level. Delta2331 consists of repeats (R) and hinges (H) H1-R1-2 approximately H3 approximately R22-24-H4 linked by native (-) and non-native (approximately) sequence. This is compared to its core fragment R2 approximately H3 approximately R22 as well as an eight-repeat rod fragment middle (RFM: R8-15). We show by atomic force microscopy that all repeats extend and unfold at forces comparable to those that a few myosin molecules can generate. The hinge regions most often extend and transmit force while limiting tandem repeat unfolding. From 23-42 degrees C, the dystrophin constructs also appear less temperature-sensitive in unfolding compared to a well-studied betaI-spectrin construct. The results thus reveal new modes of dystrophin flexibility that may prove central to functions of both dystrophin and mini-dystrophins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Dystrophin / chemistry*
  • Dystrophin / genetics
  • Dystrophin / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Microscopy, Atomic Force
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Protein Conformation*
  • Protein Denaturation

Substances

  • Dystrophin