Recent advances in proteomics offer opportunities to rapidly identify new biomarkers or pattern of markers for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer and to monitor the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of treatments used to improve long-term survival of patients. The surfaced-enhanced laser desorption ionization/time-of-flight (Seldi-Tof) mass spectrometry is certainly one of the most promising approaches to achieve these goals. In this paper we will provide an overview of the studies that have used this new technology for the early diagnosis of human cancer.