Object: Epilepsy in patients with bihemispheric malformations of cortical development (MCD) is typically medically intractable. Focal resection has been reported to be ineffective. Corpus callosotomy has been advocated as a treatment option, but the results have been reported only in several case reports. The authors describe a series of 10 patients with bihemispheric MCDs who underwent total corpus callosotomy.
Methods: The MCDs in these patients included lissencephaly, band heterotopia, perisylvian polymicrogyria, and tuberous sclerosis. Preoperatively all patients suffered disabling drop attacks or intense head drop seizures that caused frequent physical injuries. The follow-up period ranged from 1.4 to 5.8 years (median 3.2 years). Seizure outcome, parental assessment of daily function, and parental satisfaction with outcome were assessed postoperatively. Drop attacks disappeared completely during the entire follow-up period in eight patients and decreased to less than 10% of baseline in one. Other types of seizures were resolved completely in one patient and decreased in seven. Overall daily function improved and parents were satisfied with the surgery-related results in all patients except one who experienced a recurrence of drop attacks. There were no signs of significant and persistent neurological deficits in any case.
Conclusions: Results of total corpus callosotomy in patients with bihemispheric MCDs were favorable in most cases. The procedure was particularly effective against drop attacks causing physical injuries and impaired quality of life in these patients.