Objective: To characterize the ovarian response in patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with ultrasound (US) findings of polycystic ovaries (PCO).
Design: Twenty-seven treatment cycles in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and US findings of normal ovaries were compared with 31 cycles in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and US-diagnosed PCO. Forty-one cycles in the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and US-diagnosed PCO were compared with 59 cycles of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) to examine pattern of response after ovulation induction.
Setting: Specialist Reproductive Endocrine Unit.
Patients, participants: Twenty hypogonadotropic patients in whom 10 had US findings of PCO and 13 patients with PCOS.
Main outcome measure: Serum estradiol (E2) concentration, number of leading follicles on US, cancellation, and pregnancy rate.
Results: Hypogonadotropic patients with US-diagnosed PCO had higher baseline ovarian volume (P less than 0.02) compared with patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with normal ovaries. After ovarian stimulation, a higher mean serum E2 concentration (P less than 0.001), endometrial thickness (P less than 0.001), and increased number of leading follicles (P less than 0.0001) were found in hypogonadotropic patients with US-diagnosed PCO, compared with hypogonadotropic patients with US findings of normal ovaries. Patients with PCOS had a higher serum E2 concentration (P less than 0.008), although they were treated for fewer days (P less than 0.0001) and with fewer ampules of gonadotropin (P less than 0.001) compared with patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with US-diagnosed PCO.
Conclusions: We have characterized a group of hypogonadotropic patients with US findings of PCO, in which the ovarian response to ovulation induction was similar to patients with PCOS. The results have practical and theoretical implications for the etiology and treatment of patients with PCO.