A novel antisense oligonucleotide inhibiting several antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent human prostate cancer PC3 cells

Mol Cancer Ther. 2005 Nov;4(11):1689-98. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0064.

Abstract

Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL are associated with treatment resistance and progression in many cancers, including prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether a novel bispecific antisense oligonucleotide targeting both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induces apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity in androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells. An antisense oligonucleotide with complete sequence identity to Bcl-2 and three-base mismatches to Bcl-xL selected from five antisense oligonucleotides targeting various regions with high homology between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression in PC3 cells. This selected Bcl-2/Bcl-xL bispecific antisense oligonucleotide reduced mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner, reducing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein levels to 12% and 19%, respectively. Interestingly, Mcl-1 was down-regulated as well, although levels of Bax, Bad, or Bak were not altered after treatment with this bispecific antisense oligonucleotide. Indirect down-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, including XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, via second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases was also observed after bispecific antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Executioner caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-7 were shown to be involved in apoptosis induced by bispecific antisense oligonucleotide. This Bcl-2/Bcl-xL bispecific antisense oligonucleotide also enhanced paclitaxel chemosensitivity in PC3 cells, reducing the IC50 of paclitaxel by >90%. These findings illustrate that combined suppression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members using this antisense oligonucleotide could be an attractive strategy for inhibiting cancer progression through alteration of the apoptotic rheostat in androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Androgens / metabolism*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Apoptosis*
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cell Survival
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Down-Regulation
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Humans
  • Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / metabolism
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Male
  • Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Proteins / metabolism
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Oligonucleotides / chemistry
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / chemistry
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense / pharmacology*
  • Paclitaxel / chemistry
  • Paclitaxel / pharmacology
  • Prostate / metabolism
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Prostatic Neoplasms / pathology
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / metabolism*
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / metabolism
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein / metabolism
  • bcl-Associated Death Protein / metabolism
  • bcl-X Protein / metabolism

Substances

  • Androgens
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
  • Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein
  • Neoplasm Proteins
  • Oligonucleotides
  • Oligonucleotides, Antisense
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
  • RNA, Messenger
  • bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein
  • bcl-2-Associated X Protein
  • bcl-Associated Death Protein
  • bcl-X Protein
  • Paclitaxel