Objective: We sought to assess the proportion of ED patients with an electronically detected S(3) or S(4), determine the relation of these heart sounds to heart failure (HF), and analyze how the proportion changes with ED treatment.
Methods: Heart sounds were assessed in ED patients with suspected HF. The presence or absence of HF and whether treatment with diuretics or vasodilators had occurred were recorded.
Results: Three hundred seventy-six patients had complete data. The proportion of patients with an S(3) and an S(4) was significantly higher for those with HF compared with those without (P < .001). Of 59 patients with HF evaluated before treatment, 57.6% had an S(3) and 35.6% had an S(4). For the 35 patients with HF evaluated after treatment, the proportions of both S(3) and S(4) were lower (28.6% and 8.6%, respectively; P < or = .0064).
Conclusions: This study suggests the proportion of patients with an electronically detected S(3) in HF is more than 50%, and that its presence is affected by prior treatment with diuretics or vasodilators.