Evolution of nuclear shells due to the tensor force

Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Dec 2;95(23):232502. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.232502. Epub 2005 Nov 30.

Abstract

The monopole effect of the tensor force is presented, exhibiting how spherical single-particle energies are shifted as protons or neutrons occupy certain orbits. An analytic relation for such shifts is shown, and their general features are explained intuitively. Single-particle levels are shown to change in a systematic and robust way, by using the pi + rho meson exchange tensor potential, consistently with the chiral perturbation idea. Several examples are compared with experiments.